INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (INJOSS)

BITCOIN CRYPTOCURRENCY PRACTICES SHARIA MAQASHID PERSPECTIVE

Yuniartik Yuniartik — 2023-01-04

Cryptocurrency is a digital currency created using cryptographic technology to secure transactions and control the creation of new units. Cryptocurrencies are not managed by any financial institution or government, so transactions made using cryptocurrencies are usually more anonymous than transactions made using fiat currency. Cryptocurrencies can be stored and exchanged through special applications or "wallets" available online. Some examples of popular cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin. Bitcoins are digital currency created in 2009 by someone or the using group name the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoins operate with use blockchain technology, that is a network as decentralized as possible every transaction recorded and verified digitally. Blockchain makes bitcoin and other digital currencies possible for exchanged without need involve a bank or institution finance other. This study aims to determine the Muqashid Syariah Perspective Bitcoin Cryptocurrency Transaction Practices. This study uses a normative method, namely research to find concrete laws from the practice of using the Bitcoin currency as a means of payment transactions, which are appropriate or not in practice based on the provisions of Islamic law. This research is a type of library research ( library research ) using library materials as the main data source. The results of this study indicate that there are maslahah and mafsada in bitcoin cryptocurrency from a sharia muqashid perspective. Mafsadat of bitcoin include: first, cryptocurrency is a decentralized currency system that only depends on the system and users, and has no consumer protection. Second, mining fees are too high and keep increasing as time goes on. Third, unmanageable price fluctuations. While the maslahah of bitcoin include: first, Bitcoin will never experience inflation. Second, the bitcoin cryptocurrency makes transactions faster compared to other currency systems. Thirdly, cryptocurrency is an open and distributed ledger that permanently records all transactions and can solve the problem of double spending. Fourth, transaction fees are very cheap or even free.

AL-IJARAH: UNDERSTANDING, LEGAL BASIS AND PROBLEMS OF CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES IN SHARIA BUSINESS

Munadi Munadi — 2023-01-05

The purpose of this study is to discuss the concept of al-Ijarah or leasing which is one of the legal contracts or transactions in the world of Islamic banking. When the concept of al-Ijarah is applied in contemporary Sharia business, there are several problems in its application that require solutions in its study. This research is a research with a qualitative descriptive approach using some literature related to the discussion (Libarary Research). After going through some of the literature, it was discussed and analyzed. The conclusions in this study include: Ijarah is a form of transaction in Islamic law which essentially is the existence of two parties who agree to rent out goods or services (labor and or professionalism) with certain rewards. As for the texts that underlie it is QS. 65:6, some hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad and the consensus of the fuqaha. An accountable transaction, Ijarah is completed with the terms and pillars as a measuring tool for whether the transaction is valid, familial or void. The conditions are: The willingness of both parties, the benefits of the object of Ijarah are known with certainty, the leased item has certain specifications, the object for rent is something permissible, can be handed over, not an obligation and wages are something of value. The pillars are: Two parties to the transaction, transaction editor, benefits and wages. The character of the Ijarah transaction is binding on the parties who have made the transaction agreement. The variety is rental, lease purchase and labor. An Ijarah transaction can end when the goal or deadline has been achieved, the default of one of the parties or the death of one of the parties.

SUFISM IN ISLAM

Abdul Wahab Syakhrani — 2023-01-26

Sufism is an effort to get closer to God as closely as possible, even to unite oneself with God, through the path of spiritual cleansing from reprehensible qualities. Starting from an effort like this, the mutashawwifin scholars then made staging formulations (maqamat, stations/stages) that must be passed by a seeker/salik in order to be able to unite with God. Therefore, in the tradition of Islamic Sufism, various Sufism theories developed, both moderate and extreme. The diversity of Sufism is increasing with the emergence of tarekat schools, which have their own methods and traditions.

TARGET AND HISTORY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

Abdul Wahab Syakhrani — 2023-01-27

In the beginning, the tarekat was a form of worship practice that was taught specifically to certain people. For example, the Prophet taught wirid or remembrance that Ali ibn Abi Talib needed to practice. Then the emergence of the tarekat itself began with the classification between shari'a, tahriqat, haqiqat, and makrifat by the Sufis. It was only in the 5th century Hijriyah or 13 AD that the tarekat emerged as a continuation of the thoughts of the Sufis.

GOOD AND BAD STANDARDS BASED ON MORAL TEACHINGS, MORALS AND ETHICS

Abdul Wahab Syakhrani — 2023-01-27

The good and bad standard is the Al-Qur'an hadith, where there is a concept of religion, that is where there are good and bad standards, in learning there are fardhu'ain, fardhu kifayah, sunnah, things related to aqidah, fiqh, tasawuf, that is must. According to Islamic teachings, the determination of good and evil must be based on the guidance of the Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadith. If we pay attention to the Qur'an and hadith, there are many terms that refer to good, and there are also terms that refer to bad. Among the terms that refer to good, for example hasanah, thoyyibah, khairoh, karimah, mahmudah, azizah and birr.

RIBA ANALYSIS IN BANK INTEREST VIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LEGAL PHILOSOPHY

Titer Wahyanto — 2023-02-01

This study analyzes the controversy over bank interest including usury or not in the perspective of Islamic Law Philosophy. In this study found the problem of bank interest to date is still a polemic and an issue that is debated in society. This research is a qualitative research method that focuses on literature review. The study was conducted by collecting data that has relevance to the issues discussed, both from primary and secondary data. The primary data in this study refers to the works of experts who talk about bank interest and usury. While secondary data is in the form of writings including research documents and scientific journals that are related to the issues discussed. The law of usury in Islam is clearly forbidden. There are many hadiths and verses in the Al-Quran that explain it. As explained in Surah Al-Bawarah verses 275 and 278 and also mentioned in various Hadiths of Rasulullah SAW. However, regarding bank interest there is a difference of opinion among the scholars. Contemporary scholars differ on the law of bank interest, namely: 1) Some scholars, such as Yusuf Qaradawi, Mutawalli Sya'rawi, Abu Zahrah, and Muhammad al-Ghazali, stated that bank interest is illegal, because it includes usury. This opinion is also the opinion of forums of Islamic scholars including: Majma' al-Fiqh al-Islamy, Majma' Fiqh Rabithah al-'Alam al-Islamy, and the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). 2) Some other contemporary scholars, such as Syekh Ali Jum'ah, Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Sayyid Thanthawi, Abdul Wahab Khalaf, and Mahmud Syaltut, emphasize that legal bank interest is permissible and does not include usury. This opinion is in accordance with the fatwa issued by Majma' al-Buhus al-Islamiyyah on 23 Ramadhan 1423 H, which coincides with 28 November 2002.

IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT WITH LEARNING MEDIA IN ERA 4.0

Bagus Harun Al Rashid — 2023-02-06

Era 4.0 is an era where almost everything is controlled by technology, including in the world of education. The impact of the 4.0 era in the world of education is evident in the increasing number of technology-based learning media that make it easier for an educator to convey material even without having to meet face to face. This paper examines and describes this technology-based learning media that facilitates the learning process in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. There are several learning methods that can be applied, namely in the form of a learning management system, learning content management system, and Social learning Network. Many benefits can be felt with the existence of technology-based learning media, in addition to being able to attract students' interest in learning can also improve learning achievement results. Therefore, technology-based learning media is highly expected to be utilized in the learning process.

COUNTERINSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW OF THE COUNTERINSURGENCY APPROACHES OF NIGERIA AGAINST THE ISLAMIST BOKO HARAM

Modu Lawan Gana — 2023-02-06

This is a review work. The narrative study analyses the various counterinsurgency options adopted by the Nigeria government in combating the Islamist Boko Haram in the country’s north. The Boko Haram is a radical Islamic fundamentalist that is opposed to all forms of western civilization including formal school, democracy, rule of law, party politics and secularism. It therefore erupts to violence to forcedly establish an Islamic State to be adjudicate by Islamic Injunctions of Qur’an and Hadith. The mindless violence since 2009 have left thousands of people death with properties worth millions of dollars destroyed. This article revealed that as options of combating the insurgency, the government have resorted to multifaceted strategies involving people-centered, enemy-centered and civilian base counterinsurgency operation. The dominant approach however remained the enemy-centered campaign; a strategy that involve the excessive deployment of troops and hot pursuit toward the perpetrators of the violence. The article recommends that as panacea to terminate the insurgent hostilities, government should focus on the root causes of the insurgency. Others are abolishment of key drivers inducing recruitment to the insurgent camps.

Collective Case Studies on Ethno-medicine and Healthcare Systems Amidst Global Native Folks

Sharmistha Aich — 2023-02-06

Anthropologically, ethnicity delineates people who are categorized according to their ethnolinguistic languages or grouped in accordance to their explicit dialects, castes, cultures, traditions, customs, and admixture of various clans. The intermarriages among these groups gave rise to diversified miscellaneous ethnic groups all over the world having their own ethnicity, varied cultures, traditions, and ethnomedicines. Human societies have their own conceptualization of health and diseases which are accompanied by indigenous health practices and mechanisms, based on magico-religious concepts that unearthed the medicinal values of plants and animals. This process eventually lead to the success of ethnomedicine and its contribution to Medical Anthropological Knowledge. The term ethnomedicine, which means to heal from within, is a deliberate effort to grasp, recommend, educate, exercise, and execute the various Traditional Medicines in different ethnic groups. Ethnomedicine is distinguished and practiced exclusively in primitive societies which have a common ancestry, similar clan, caste, geographical location, food pattern, cultures, traditions, and practices. Several thousand years ago (in antiquity) with the awareness of various ailments and diseases arose, numerous methods for treatment to cure innumerable diseases slowly and consecutive emerged in human society. This popularised the notion of ethnomedicine which preached that not only the physical body but also mental stability are paramount to having a disease-free life. Indian Ayurveda and Yoga, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), African Traditional Medicine (ATM), and Unani Medicine of Mughal India, are a few examples of ethnomedicines. Medical Anthropologists unwrapped and divulged the ethnomedicinal facts, thousands of years that emerged from common descent and were practiced in indigenous societies of China, Africa, and India. The present article reflects the composition of preferred Case Studies in Medical Anthropology and ethnomedicine of Tribals of India, Glimpses of African Traditional Medicine (ATM), and Unani Methods to cure disease in the Indian Sub-continent. The study concluded the importance of ethnomedicine among Indians by stating that in 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) and the Government of India signed an agreement in Gujarat, India, to develop an institute for ‘The Global Centre for Traditional Medicine’ which attempts to portray ethnomedicine in collaboration with Science and Technology for the betterment of human being.

Vision-Mission Formulation in Early Childhood Education Institutions

Asyruni Multahada Runi — 2023-02-20

The vision and mission is the most important point to direct an institution of early childhood education in to realize its objectives. Therefore, the formulation of vision and mission become the most important thing before organizing an institution of early childhood education. The formulation of vision and mission aims to realize a quality institution of early childhood education. The implementation of vision and mission can be done by formulating a strategic plan, and then socialized to stakeholders of early childhood education institution. All stakeholders of early childhood education institution, especially a headmaster, must have a strong commitment to work the vision and mission so that can be realized effectively and efficiently.

الكسب الثنائي لحروف المعاني (حروف الخفض في سورة البقرة نموذجا)

Zanuar Anwari — 2023-03-09

When we shed light in the study of the Arabic language, we find that the letters of meanings are one of the most important tools used in sentence structure. Although the use of these tools in the sentence was not a conditional pillar in its formulation, it did not lose its importance in expressing the different circumstances surrounding the event. This article was an attempt to objectively find out the use of the letters of meaning, especially the letters of abbreviation or preposition, with all the various meanings carried by the expressions of the Qur’an. It is the longest surah of the Qur’an and is presented in the order of the Qur’an. At the end of his research, the writer came to the conclusion he drew through his study of these tools. Among them is that the letters of meanings, and we mention, for example, the letters of preposition, were used in this surah more than a thousand times, and the various meanings referred to by these letters may lead to dual meanings. This matter indicates the richness of this language, especially when choosing its expressions in the words of the Qur’an to express the various events that add to the researcher’s attraction and admiration.

The Influence Of Job Descriptions And Job Placements On The Work Performance Of Educational Personnel Of Indragiri Islamic University

M Ramli — 2023-03-01

This study aims to obtain information about the relationship between free variables, job descriptions (X1) and job placements (X2), with bound variables, the work performance of educational personnel (Y), at Indragiri Islamic University, both singly and collectively. The population of this study is the entire educational staff at Indragiri Islamic University which amounts to 76 people. Data collection was carried out using the survey method through a questionnaire filled out by respondents. Then the data is analyzed using multiple regression analysis through the SPSS program. From the results of the analysis, the regression equation was obtained: Y = 14,924 + 0.381X1 + 0.281X2, it can be concluded that job descriptions (X1) have an effect of 38.1% and job placements (X2) have an effect of 28.1%. Meanwhile, the relationship between dependent and independent variables, namely job description (X1) and job placement (X2) with dependent variables, namely the performance of educational personnel (Y) has a correlation index of 78.0%, meaning that the relationship is very strong. Together, the job description variable (X1) and the job placement variable (X2) had a significant effect on the educational personnel performance variable (Y) with a determination index value of 56.3%, while the remaining 43.7%, influenced by other variables that were not studied in this study